初中九年级 · 下册 · 第 8 课
Word Building
词形变化规律系统复习，中考必考词汇专题。
📖 21 个单词💬 14 句对话📄 200词短文✏️ 12+5 题
1本课单词
点卡片看中文，点 🔊 听发音。词缀 + 词性转换。
2情景对话
点任意格 🔊 听整格对话。
1Cozy老师
Hello, kids! How can we remember words better?
孩子们，我们怎样更好地记单词？
Cozy老师
Let's play with word formation today!
今天我们来玩转构词法！
2Jack
Add -ful to help, and you get helpful.
help 加 -ful 变成 helpful。
Lily
Add -ly to wise, and you get wisely.
wise 加 -ly 变成 wisely。
3Li Lei
Un- makes words negative, like unexpected.
un- 使词变否定，比如 unexpected。
Han Mei
Re- means again, like reuse and recycle.
re- 表示“再”，比如 reuse 和 recycle。
4Jack
Is there a word that means the opposite of ugly?
有和 ugly 意思相反的词吗？
Lily
Yes! Beautiful, and also lively and humorous.
有！beautiful，还有 lively 和 humorous。
5Li Lei
I feel sleepy and thirsty after learning so much!
学了这么多，我又困又渴！
Han Mei
Don't be embarrassed; even smart people feel that way!
别难为情，聪明人也会这样！
6Cozy老师
Great! Word roots show the creativity of English!
太棒了！词根展示了英语的创造力！
Cozy老师
Learn one root, and you get many new words!
学会一个词根，就能掌握很多新词！
3短文阅读：构词法的魔力 (The Magic of Word Formation · 约200词)
先自己理解，再点 🔊 听朗读。读后完成 5 道阅读理解题。
The Magic of Word Formation
Have you ever felt embarrassed when you meet a long English word? Do not worry. Word formation is the key. If you know one root, you can guess the meaning of many new words.
遇到长英语单词时你感到难为情过吗？别担心。构词法是关键。如果你知道一个词根，就能猜出许多新词的意思。
Prefixes change meanings. Un- makes a word negative: happy becomes unhappy, and expected becomes unexpected. Re- means again: we reuse bottles and recycle paper, so they are reusable.
前缀改变词义。un- 使词变否定：happy 变成 unhappy，expected 变成 unexpected。re- 表示“再”：我们 reuse 瓶子、recycle 纸张，所以它们是可重复使用的。
Suffixes change word types. Add -ful to help, and you get helpful. Add -ly to wise, and you get wisely. Add -y to sleep, and you get sleepy. Small changes create big differences.
后缀改变词性。help 加 -ful 变成 helpful。wise 加 -ly 变成 wisely。sleep 加 -y 变成 sleepy。小变化创造大不同。
Some words look ugly but are useful, like thirsty, crispy and lively. Others sound funny, like humorous and upside down. Do not leave out any part of a word; every letter may be important.
有些词看起来不美但很有用，如 thirsty、crispy 和 lively。另一些听起来有趣，如 humorous 和 upside down。不要忽略单词的任何部分，每个字母都可能重要。
Word formation also shows the creativity of English. An intelligent learner is not afraid of new words; he studies them wisely. So next time, before you look up a dictionary, think: what do the parts tell me?
构词法也展示了英语的创造力。聪明的学习者不怕生词，而是明智地研究它们。所以下次查词典前先想想：各部分告诉了我什么？
📖 阅读理解（0/5）
1. What does the prefix un- mean?
2. What does re- mean in the word reusable?
3. What do you get when you add -ly to wise?
4. Why should we not leave out any part of a word?
5. What does the passage mainly teach us?
4语法小课堂：词形变化规律
中考词形变化：
名词→形容词 · 动词→名词 · 形容词→副词
名词→形容词
care→careful 小心 · beauty→beautiful 美丽
-ful/-ous/-y
动词→名词
teach→teacher 教师 · act→action 行动
-er/-tion/-ment
形容词→副词
quick→quickly 快 · happy→happily 快乐
-ly
💡 care→careful→carefully；teach→teacher；happy→happily。
5课后练习
1. Add -ful to "help", and you get ___.
2. The opposite of "happy" with un- is ___.
3. "Reuse" means to use something ___.
4. Which word is the noun form of "create"?
5. "Sleepy" is formed by adding ___ to "sleep".
6. "Unexpected" means ___.
7. "Wisely" is the ___ form of "wise".
8. The word "embarrassed" describes a ___ feeling.
9. Which word has the same root as "music"?
10. "Helpful" and "harmful" both end with ___.
11. A person who is "intelligent" is ___.
12. "Leave out" in "Don't leave out any part" means ___.