高中必修一 · 第 11 课
通往星辰的半程 Halfway to the Stars
期中考试结束了。四个少年围坐在操场上，回顾这半个学期走过的路——那些焦虑的夜晚、学会的语法，和从未放弃的彼此。
📖 20 个单词📄 397词长文📝 6+15 题
1本课单词
2课文精读：通往星辰的半程 (Halfway to the Stars · 约397词)
期中考试结束了。四个少年围坐在操场上，回顾这半个学期走过的路——那些焦虑的夜晚、学会的语法，和从未放弃的彼此。 读课文，先自己理解，再点 🔊 听朗读。
Halfway to the Stars
The mid-term exams were over, and the autumn sun was warm on the playground. Li Lei lay on the grass, looking at the clouds. 'Remember the first day, when I almost gave up?' he asked. 'That was the day when I learned my first grammar point in senior high — the attributive clause.' Jack laughed. 'And I have been trying to use the present perfect progressive ever since, but I still mix it up with the simple past!'
期中考试结束了，秋日的阳光暖暖地照在操场上。李雷躺在草地上望着云。“还记得开学第一天，我差点放弃吗？”他问，“那天我学会了高中的第一个语法点——定语从句。”Jack 笑了：“从那以后我一直在努力使用现在完成进行时，但我还是会和一般过去时搞混！”
Han Mei sat down beside them with a notebook. 'Let's review what we have learned,' she said. 'To succeed in the final exams, we need a clear plan.' She opened the notebook: 'Lesson two — infinitives: I decided to join the club. Lesson three — present perfect vs simple past: I went to Guilin last summer, and I have been there twice in total. Lesson four — the -ing form: Running every morning keeps me healthy.'
韩梅拿着笔记本在他们身边坐下。“我们来复习一下学过的内容吧，”她说，“要在期末考试中取得好成绩，我们需要一个清晰的计划。”她翻开笔记本：“第二课——不定式：我决定加入社团。第三课——现在完成时与一般过去时的对比：去年夏天我去了桂林，我总共去过那里两次。第四课——-ing 形式：每天早晨跑步让我保持健康。”
Lily arrived with cups of hot tea. 'Don't forget the past progressive,' she said. 'While I was doing my homework last night, the power went out. That is exactly the sentence pattern from lesson five.' Cozy walked over and sat down with them. 'While you were talking, I was listening,' he joked. 'Now, who can tell me the difference between the attributive clause and the infinitive?' The four students looked at each other and burst into laughter.
Lily 端着几杯热茶走了过来。“别忘了过去进行时，”她说，“昨晚我正在做作业，突然停电了。这正是第五课的句型。”Cozy 老师走过来坐下：“你们在聊天的时候，我在听呢，”他打趣道，“那么，谁能告诉我定语从句和不定式的区别？”四个学生面面相觑，哈哈大笑起来。
Cozy pulled a small whiteboard from his bag. 'Let me draw you a map of grammar,' he said. 'The attributive clause is a train that carries extra information; the infinitive is a bridge that connects two actions; the -ing form is a tool that turns a verb into a noun; and the tenses are different windows that show time from different angles.' He drew quickly, and the students watched, impressed. 'Understanding grammar is like understanding a friend — you need to spend time with it,' he added.
Cozy 老师从包里掏出一块小白板：“我给你们画一张语法地图吧，”他说，“定语从句是一列搭载附加信息的火车；不定式是一座连接两个动作的桥梁；-ing 形式是一件把动词变成名词的工具；各种时态则是从不同角度展示时间的一扇扇窗户。”他画得很快，学生们看得入了神。“理解语法就像理解朋友——你需要花时间与它相处，”他补充道。
As the sun set, the four friends made a promise. 'From now on, we will review every week, not just before exams,' Li Lei said. Han Mei smiled. 'And when one of us is confused, the other three will explain with examples.' Jack raised his cup of tea. 'To the first half of senior high — and to the friends who made it wonderful!' The tea was warm, the sky was golden, and the road ahead suddenly seemed bright.
夕阳西下，四个朋友许下承诺。“从现在起，我们每周都复习，而不是只在考前突击，”李雷说。韩梅笑了：“当有人困惑时，另外三个人就用例子给他讲解。”Jack 举起茶杯：“为高中的前半程——也为让这段时光变得美好的朋友们，干杯！”茶是温的，天空是金色的，前方的路忽然变得明亮起来。
📖 读后理解（0/6）
1. What did Li Lei learn on his first day of senior high?
2. Which sentence pattern comes from lesson five?
3. How does Cozy compare the infinitive to?
4. What promise did the friends make?
5. What can we infer about the students' attitude towards grammar?
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
3语法小课堂：期中复习：第 1-5 课语法串讲
限制性定语从句（第 1 课）
先行词 + who / which / that / whose + 从句
who 指人，which / that 指物：The student who concentrates in class learns faster. （上课专心的学生学得更快。）
whose 表所属：The boy whose bag is blue is my friend. （那个蓝书包的男孩是我朋友。）
先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时只用 that：This is the best film that I have seen. （这是我看过最好的电影。）
⚠️ 关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略：The club (that) we joined is popular. （我们加入的社团很受欢迎。）
现在完成进行时（第 1 课）
have / has + been + doing
表示从过去持续到现在仍在进行的动作：I have been studying English for six years. （我学英语已经六年了。）
与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用：She has been preparing for the exam since last month. （自上个月以来她一直在备考。）
强调一直在做，而非做完了。
⚠️ 对比：现在完成时强调结果（I have read the book. 读完了），现在完成进行时强调持续（I have been reading it. 还在读）。
动词不定式（第 2 课）
to do（作宾语 / 宾补 / 目的状语）
作宾语：want, decide, hope, manage, agree 等后接 to do：I decided to join the club. （我决定加入社团。）
作宾补：ask / tell / want sb. to do；使役、感官动词后省略 to：Cozy asked Li Lei to make a plan. （Cozy 让李雷制定计划。）
作目的状语：To succeed in the final exams, we need a clear plan. （为了期末考试成功，我们需要清晰的计划。）
⚠️ enjoy, finish, mind 等动词后接 -ing 不接 to do，注意区分。
现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（第 3 课）
did（过去时间点） vs have/has done（影响现在）
一般过去时 + 明确的过去时间：I went to Guilin last summer. （去年夏天我去了桂林。）
现在完成时强调结果或经历：I have been there twice in total. （我总共去过那里两次。）
have been to（去过已回）vs have gone to（去了未回）。
⚠️ 有 yesterday / ago / last... 用过去时；有 already / yet / ever / since / for 用完成时。
-ing 形式作主语 / 定语（第 4 课）
Doing... + 单数谓语 | a running man / the boy standing there
作主语：Running every morning keeps me healthy. （每天早晨跑步让我保持健康。）
作定语表主动、正在进行：the rising sun（升起的太阳），the girl singing on the stage（在台上唱歌的女孩）。
表用途：a swimming pool（游泳池）。
⚠️ 物作主语时 -ing 表主动（interesting），-ed 表被动（interested），不要混淆。
过去进行时 + 一般过去时（第 5 课）
was/were doing ... when ... did | while + 进行时
长动作被打断：I was doing my homework when the power went out. （我正在做作业，突然停电了。）
while 连接两个同时进行的长动作：While I was cooking, he was playing games. （我做饭时他在玩游戏。）
过去进行时描写背景：The wind was blowing hard outside. （外面风刮得很猛。）
⚠️ when 后接瞬间动作（一般过去时），while 后接持续动作（进行时）。
👨🏫Cozy 老师说：高中语法重在「在语境中理解」——多读课文里的例句，语法自然就活了。
4课后练习（0/15）
1. The student ___ studies hard will succeed.
2. I ___ English for six years.
3. He decided ___ the club.
4. ___ running every morning keeps me healthy.
5. I ___ my homework when the power went out.
6. — Have you ever been to Guilin? — Yes, I ___ there last summer.
7. The girl ___ on the stage is Han Mei.
8. While I ___ tea, my friends were laughing.
9. To ___ in the final exams, we need a clear plan.
10. The book ___ is very interesting.
11. ___ means to keep trying even when things are hard.
12. I am ___ to my friends for their support.
13. A good ___ is formed by doing the same thing every day.
14. Translate: 我们一直互相帮助，从不放弃。
15. Which sentence correctly uses the past progressive?