高中必修一 · 第 12 课
最后一节英语课 The Last English Class
学期即将结束。最后一节英语课上，Cozy 老师没有讲新课，而是让大家写下这一年最想说的话。
📖 20 个单词📄 366词长文📝 6+15 题
1本课单词
2课文精读：最后一节英语课 (The Last English Class · 约366词)
学期即将结束。最后一节英语课上，Cozy 老师没有讲新课，而是让大家写下这一年最想说的话。 读课文，先自己理解，再点 🔊 听朗读。
The Last English Class
It was the last English class of the term. Instead of opening a textbook, Cozy wrote a single question on the board: 'What has this year taught you?' The classroom was silent for a moment. Then Li Lei stood up. 'I have learned that a sentence is not just a group of words,' he said. 'A sentence is a window. The attributive clause was the first window I opened, and it has been open ever since.'
这是本学期的最后一节英语课。Cozy 老师没有翻开课本，而是在黑板上写了一个问题：“这一年教会了你什么？”教室里安静了片刻。然后李雷站了起来：“我明白了，句子不只是一组词，”他说，“句子是一扇窗户。定语从句是我打开的第一扇窗，从那以后它就一直没有关上。”
Jack spoke next. 'My favourite discovery was the passive voice,' he said. 'I used to write only about what I did. Now I can write about what is done, what was done and what will be done. 'The bridge was built in 1920; it is being repaired now; it will be opened again next year.' That single sentence connects the past, the present and the future.' His classmates clapped.
Jack 接着发言：“我最喜欢的发现是被动语态，”他说，“我以前只会写‘我做了什么’。现在我能写‘什么被做、什么曾做、什么将被做’。”这座桥建于 1920 年；它正在被修复；明年它将重新开放。这一句话就连接了过去、现在和未来。”同学们鼓起掌来。
Han Mei shared her journal with the class. 'My most useful tool is the -ed form,' she said. 'Encouraged by my first success, I wrote every day. Surprised by my own progress, I kept going. A habit formed over one hundred days is hard to break. And my favourite grammar point is subject-verb agreement: 'Everyone in our class loves English' — one subject, one verb, one perfect match.'
韩梅和全班分享了自己的日记：“我最趁手的工具是 -ed 形式，”她说，“被第一次成功鼓舞着，我每天写作。为自己的进步感到惊讶，我坚持了下来。坚持一百天养成的习惯很难打破。我最喜欢的语法点是主谓一致：‘我们班的每个人都喜欢英语’——一个主语，一个谓语，完美匹配。”
Lily was the last to speak. 'I have learned that language is a key,' she said softly. 'With it, I opened the door to Chinese food, Chinese music and Chinese friends. The reason why I love this class is simple: here, mistakes are never punished; they are corrected with patience. I have been learning English for six years, but this is the first year when I truly enjoyed it.'
Lily 最后一个发言。“我懂得了语言是一把钥匙，”她轻声说，“用它，我打开了中国美食、中国音乐和中国朋友的大门。我爱这门课的原因很简单：在这里，错误从不会被惩罚，只会被耐心地纠正。我学英语六年了，但这是第一年真正享受它。”
Cozy walked to the front and looked at his students with pride. 'This year, you have learned grammar and vocabulary,' he said. 'But more importantly, you have learned to be brave, to be curious and to be kind. The exam tomorrow is important, but it is not the whole story. Remember: the journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step — and every one of you has already taken that step.' The bell rang, and the students stood up, applauding their teacher.
Cozy 老师走到讲台前，骄傲地看着他的学生们：“这一年，你们学会了语法和词汇，”他说，“但更重要的是，你们学会了勇敢、好奇和善良。明天的考试很重要，但它不是全部。记住：千里之行，始于足下——而你们每个人都已经迈出了那一步。”铃声响起，学生们站起来，为他们的老师鼓掌。
📖 读后理解（0/6）
1. What question did Cozy write on the board?
2. What was Jack's favourite discovery?
3. What is Han Mei's favourite grammar point?
4. Why does Lily love this English class?
5. What can we infer about the students from the passage?
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
3语法小课堂：期末复习：全册语法串讲
限制性定语从句（第 1、6 课）
先行词 + who / which / that / whose / when / where / why + 从句
关系代词：who（人）、which/that（物）、whose（所属）：The boy who is reading is Jack. （正在读书的男孩是 Jack。）
关系副词：when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）：This is the place where we first met. （这是我们初次见面的地方。）
关系副词 = 介词 + which：the day when we met = the day on which we met。
⚠️ 从句缺主语/宾语用关系代词，不缺成分、先行词表时间/地点/原因时用关系副词。
动词不定式（第 2 课）
to do（宾语 / 宾补 / 目的状语）
作宾语：want, decide, hope, agree, manage + to do。
作宾补：ask / tell / want sb. to do；使役与感官动词后省略 to：make sb. do。
作目的状语：To open the door, you need a key. （要打开门，你需要一把钥匙。）
⚠️ 否定式 not to do；too...to...结构表太……而不能……。
-ing 形式（第 4 课）
Doing + 单数谓语 | -ing 作定语表主动
作主语：Reading is a window to the world. （阅读是通向世界的窗口。）
作定语：the rising sun（升起的太阳），a swimming pool（游泳池）。
与 -ed 对比：-ing 表主动/正在进行，-ed 表被动/已完成。
⚠️ 物作主语 -ing（interesting），人作主语 -ed（interested）。
-ed 形式（第 9 课）
单个 -ed 前置：a broken window | -ed 短语后置 / 作状语
作定语：a well-known company（知名公司），the video edited by our group（我们小组剪辑的视频）。
作状语表原因：Surprised by my progress, I kept going. （被自己的进步惊讶到，我坚持了下去。）
作状语表条件：Used wisely, the Internet is a bridge. （用得明智，互联网是桥梁。）
⚠️ -ed 状语逻辑主语须与句子主语一致，且表被动关系。
现在完成时 / 现在完成进行时（第 1、3 课）
have/has done | have/has been doing
现在完成时强调结果：I have opened the door. （我打开了门。）
现在完成进行时强调持续：I have been learning English for six years. （我学英语六年了。）
与一般过去时对比：有过去时间点用过去时，强调对现在的影响用完成时。
⚠️ have been to（去过已回）vs have gone to（去了未回）。
被动语态（第 7、8 课）
be + done（am/is/are · was/were · will be · am/is/are being · have/has been）
一般现在被动：English is spoken everywhere. （到处都讲英语。）
一般过去被动 / 将来被动：The bridge was built in 1920. It will be opened next year. （桥建于 1920 年。它明年将开放。）
进行被动与完成被动：It is being repaired now. / It has been repaired. （它正在被修复。/ 它已被修复。）
⚠️ 被动结构口诀：时态靠 be 变，被意靠 done 传；情态动词后接 be done。
现在完成时被动 / 现在进行时被动（第 8 课）
have/has been done | am/is/are being done
现在完成被动（已被做）：Their data has been recorded every week. （他们的数据每周都被记录。）
现在进行被动（正在被做）：The animals are being monitored by cameras. （动物们正被摄像头监测。）
被动语态 + 现在完成/进行 = been/being 不可省。
⚠️ being 表正在，been 表已经——丢了它们，时态就错了。
主谓一致（第 10 课）
单数主语 + 单数谓语；就近原则；the number of + 单数
each / every / either / neither + 单数谓语：Everyone in our class loves English. （我们班每个人都喜欢英语。）
either...or / neither...nor / there be 就近原则：Either you or I am wrong. （要么你错，要么我错。）
the number of + 单数；a number of + 复数：The number of visitors is limited. / A number of visitors are waiting. （游客数量有限。/ 许多游客在等待。）
⚠️ 先划掉介词短语（with / of / in...），再找真正的主语。
👨🏫Cozy 老师说：高中语法重在「在语境中理解」——多读课文里的例句，语法自然就活了。
4课后练习（0/15）
1. This is the place ___ we first met.
2. The bridge ___ in 1920.
3. The road ___ at the moment, so please go another way.
4. Everyone in our class ___ English.
5. ___ by his first success, he wrote every day.
6. She ___ English for six years.
7. I have never ___ to the Great Wall.
8. The reason why I love this class ___ simple.
9. Mistakes are never punished; they ___ with patience.
10. The video ___ by our group has been watched many times.
11. ___ a key, language opens doors to new worlds.
12. The number of students in our class ___ fifty.
13. A journey of a thousand miles ___ with a single step.
14. Translate: 这些规则必须被遵守。
15. Which sentence is grammatically correct?